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The term health insurance is generally used to
describe a form of insurance that pays for medical expenses. It is sometimes
used more broadly to include insurance covering disability or long-term
nursing or custodial care needs.

It may be provided through a
government-sponsored social insurance program, or from private insurance
companies. It may be purchased on a group basis (e.g., by a firm to cover
its employees) or purchased by individual consumers. In each case, the
covered groups or individuals pay premiums or taxes to help protect
themselves from high or unexpected healthcare expenses.
Health insurance works by estimating the overall risk of healthcare expenses
and developing a routine finance structure (such as a monthly premium or
annual tax) that will ensure that money is available to pay for the
healthcare benefits specified in the insurance agreement. The benefit is
administered by a central organization, most often either a government
agency or a private or not-for-profit entity operating a health plan.[1]

Historically, HMOs tended to use the term "health plan", while commercial
insurance companies used the term "health insurance". A health plan can also
refer to a subscription-based medical care arrangement offered through
health maintenance organization, HMO, PPO, or POS plan. These plans are
similar to pre-paid dental, pre-paid legal, and pre-paid vision plans.
Pre-paid health plans typically pay for a fixed number of services (for
instance, $300 in preventive care, a certain number of days of hospice care
or care in a skilled nursing facility, a fixed number of home health visits,
a fixed number of spinal manipulation charges, etc.)
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